نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• شهروز شریعتی ¹
• مهدی عباسی شاهکوه ²

¹ استادیار علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

² دانشجوی دکترای علوم سیاسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شاهرود

چکیده

هم‌زمان با ظهور دولت‌های‌ مدرن، مفهوم کنترل اجتماعی دستخوش تحول بنیادین شد و نظارت اجتماعی که تا پیش از آن بیشتر مفهومی با ابعاد محلی و محدود بود به مفهومی حکومتی تغییر شکل پیدا کرد. نوشتار حاضر با بهره‌گیری از آموزه‌های نظری در تبیین مفهوم کنترل اجتماعی به خوانش مجدد تاریخ دولت مدرن در ایران پرداخته و از این منظر بزرگ‌ترین و مهم‌ترین عامل ناتوانی دولت‌ مدرن را در ایران، وجود اجتماعات قدرتمند توصیف کرده است که به‌واسطه انحصارطلبی، مانع از تحقق کارویژه مهم کنترل اجتماعی از سوی حکومت می‌شوند. از این منظر «اجتماعات سنتی» در ایران در غیاب تکوین مفهوم «جامعه ایرانی» در برابر تغییرات و اصلاحاتی که از قدرتش می‌کاست، به‌صورت جدی ایستادگی می‌کرد و رهبران نیرومند اجتماعی که در واقع رقبای حکومت مرکزی قلمداد می‌شدند، در یک نزاع دو سویه و دو وجهی از یک‌طرف با دیگر شبکه‌های اجتماعی و از طرف دیگر با قدرت حاکمه بر سر منافع و منابع در جنگ و ستیز بودند. اما با روی کار آمدن دولت پهلوی اول که در پی ایجاد «جامعه» مدرن بود، منازعه‌ی میان دولت و اجتماع عمیق‌تر و سمت‌وسوی قابل توجهی گرفت؛ زیرا این دولت برای رسیدن به اهداف مدرن خود به هیچ‌وجه شبکه‌های اجتماعی قدرت را بر نمی‌تابید و بر همین اساس نیز تلاش می‌کرد با افزایش قدرت کنترل و نظارت دولتی، رقبای دیگر را از صحنه خارج کند و در عین حال مانع از انجام نظارت‌های اجتماعی شود؛ اگر چه که در نهایت در این رویارویی با ناکامی مواجه شد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

• ایران
• دولت
• پهلوی اول
• کنترل اجتماعی
• شبکه اجتماع

عنوان مقاله [English]

The State and the Problematic of Social Control in Iran under 1st Pahlavi

نویسندگان [English]

• Shahrooz Shariati ¹
• Mahdi Abbasi Shahkuh ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science,Tarbiat Modares University

² PhD student of Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch

چکیده [English]

Purpose:Before the establishment of the Pahlavi Dynasty, the Iranian Society relied on entities and associations that were independent to a significant degree; this paper tries to explain the relations between society of Iran and its antagonistic opposition with the government in in the era of Pahlavi emergence. From this point of view, before the establishment of the Pahlavi Dynasty, the Iranian Society relied on entities and associations that were independent to a significant degree and Social control were prevented by them. In this regard, for example the Shi’i scholars had the opportunity to criticize the governmental actions due to their financial independence and having the mosque tribunes under their control as well as having the exclusive right to interpret the religious rules. Therefore, Reza Shah who was aware of the power of opposition gradually started to show a negative reaction to them. Therefor Government to achieve its modernization goals did not bear the power of social networks. Using case studies and revision political actions and combining the social Control theories, this paper tries to explain the relations and Competition between the society and oppressive government on social control, in the era of Pahlavi.
Design/Methodology/Approach:Case study research is a methodology which refers to the in depth analysis of some historical facts before the establishment of the Pahlavi Dynasty and some facts about society of Iran in the era of Pahlavi emergence.
Findings: The concepts of social control and governance are closely related, from this point of view Reza Shah who was aware of the power of the society in Iran gradually started to show a negative reaction to the oppositions against his suppressive and secular policies and in place of reinforcing a legal authority, he tried to suppress the social movements through threatening, dual game, assassination, conspirators as well as using the militaristic powers. Therefor Government to achieve its modernization goals did not bear the power of social networks. This policy not only was based on Iran cultural and social condition but also created many fundamental problems and specially caused antagonism between tradition and modernity in Iran.
Originality/Value: Along with the emergence of modern states, the concept of social control has undergone a fundamental transformation and governmental approaches were ruled to governmental surveillances. This article reviews the concept of social control to re-reading the history of the modern state in Iran. From this point of view, before the establishment of the Pahlavi Dynasty, the Iranian Society relied on entities and associations that were independent to a significant degree and Social control were prevented by them. Using case studies and revision political actions and combining the social Control theories, this paper tries to explain the relations and Competition between the society and oppressive government on social control, in the the era of Pahlavi.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Iran
• State
• 1st Pahlavi
• Social Control
• Social networks