نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی (مسائل ایران) دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
چکیده
تنوع سازی الگو‌های اقتصادی ضرورت اجتناب‌ناپذیر برای کشور‌های دارای اقتصاد سیاسی تک‌وجهی است. اساساً تنوع اقتصادی به دولت‌ها این امکان را می‌دهد تا تهدیدات را به فرصت تبدیل نمایند و متغیر اقتصاد را در پرتو تولید قدرت به‌کارگیرند. به همین منظور، یکی از کشور‌هایی که تنوع‌بخشی در اقتصاد را در چارچوب الگوی اقتصاد دانشبنیان به‌کاربرده، قطر است. این کشور با تأکید بر همگرایی میان دولت، صنعت و نهاد دانشگاهی در یک چرخه سیستمی درصدد است تا ضمن تغییر رویکرد در اقتصاد سیاسی هیدروکربنی بر قدرت سیاسی خود نیز بیفزاید و به‌عنوان یک کنشگر انطباقی گزینه‌های متعددی برای قدرت سازی در اختیار داشته باشد و بستر‌ساز ایجاد یک دولت توسعه‌گرای مدرن شود. وجه همت این نوشتار پاسخ به این پرسش است که الگوی نوین قطر به‌منظور ساخت یک دولت توسعه گرای انطباق‌‌محور در نظام‌بین‌الملل چگونه است؟ فرضیه پژوهش بر این مبناست که قطر با تأکید بر الگوی اقتصاد دانشبنیان، رویکرد تنوع سازی اقتصادی و الگوی دیپلماسی نیچه‌ای را برای ساخت دولت توسعه‌گرا در پیش‌گرفته است. برای آزمون این فرضیه، موضوع در بستر مفهومی تئوری اقتصاد دانش‌محور قرارگرفته است. روش گرد‌آوری داده‌ها کتابخانه‌ای و روش پژوهش توصیفی – تحلیلی است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که قطر با رویکرد اقتصاد دانشبنیان اکوسیستم توسعه‌گرایی جدیدی را برای تولید قدرت و ثروت به‌طور هم‌زمان در پیش‌گرفته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Qatar and the Knowledge-Based Economy: A New Model for Developmental State
نویسندگان [English]
- Ehsan Mozdkhah 1
- Somayeh Hamidi 2
1 Ph.D. Student in Political Science/ Iran issues/ Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
2 Associate Professor Political Science Department of Birjand University, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]
Diversification of economic models is an Inevitable Necessity for Countries with one-sided political economy. Essentially, economic diversity allows governments to turn threats into opportunities and to use economic variables in the Power manufacturing. For this purpose, one of the countries that has used diversification in the economy in the framework of the knowledge-based economy model is Qatar. Emphasizing the convergence between government, industry and academia in a systemic cycle, the country seeks to increase its political power while changing approach to the hydrocarbon political economy, and as an adaptive actor has multiple options for empowerment and lays the groundwork. Become a modern developmental government. The Purpose of this article is to answer the question to what extent does the knowledge-based economy, as a new and empowering approach to economics and politics, play a role in creating a compatible development-oriented government in Qatar? The research hypothesis is that Qatar government, Will emphasizing the knowledge-based economy, Economic diversification approach and the model of Niche Diplomacy in Foreign Policy to build a Developmental State has followed. To test this hypothesis, the subject is placed in the conceptual context of knowledge-based economics theory. The method of data collection is library and the method of research descriptive-analytical. Based on the hypothesis test, the research findings show that Qatar has adopted a new developmental ecosystem to produce power and wealth simultaneously with the knowledge-based economy approach.
The Persian Gulf region has always had many valuable natural reserves such as oil and gas due to its geo-economic position, and the countries of the region have a hydrocarbon political economy due to these geo-economic drivers. In recent years, some countries in the region, such as Qatar, in order to diversify their economic models, transition from a single-product economy and reduce the vulnerability factor, have developed new strategies and perspectives for the development and change of economic approaches, and are trying to apply the knowledge-based economy model as a model and the new alternative has been a development with international perspectives. The focus of Qatar's leaders and internal institutions to change the approach of a single-product and oil political economy to a knowledge-based economy that includes cooperation between industry, academic institutions and the government has been established in the country's upstream documents and visions, such as the Qatar National Vision 2030 document. The path of development in a region with chaos and tension and emerging as an effective regional and international order-making power has been taken into consideration from this point of view.
Methodology
The present Article through an analytical process method, and Data collected based on the library one.
Result and Discussion
Considering the problem of improving the potential of their political economy, Qatari statesmen have offered programs based on good governance model and participation at regional levels as a peace-making mediator, in order to generate wealth in the economy, produce power in foreign policy and apply an adaptive model. Qatar, as a small state with great international ambitions to diversify its economy and become a regional power and an emerging global power, has followed such an approach, and this approach has paved the path of Qatar's development, which is drawn according to the 2030 vision.
Conclusion
The findings show that the patterns of political economy are evolving and based on those countries have achieved new models of development. Today, Qatar in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East region has created a new level of development for the transformation of the State institution by emphasizing the knowledge-based political economy. Qatar, as a small state with great international ambitions to diversify its economy and become a regional power and an emerging global power, has followed such an approach, and this approach has paved the path of Qatar's development, which is drawn according to the 2030 vision. The approach of Qatar's knowledge-based economy, along with generating wealth in the field of economy, includes political activism in regional and international foreign policy.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Knowledge-Based Economy
- Economic Diversity
- Compatible Foreign Policy
- Qatar
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