نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشیار علوم سیاسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی. تهران مرکزی. تهران. ایران
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
War and peace are the reality of all ages of human societies, including multicultural societies centered on the institution of state. Whether peace is the product of state action or whether peace is a political reality and something that can be made or something that is unconscious and assumed, all these questions try to examine the role of states in this context as the largest official political institution in peace. On each side of these questions, theorists and experts have been placed and have used various data and documents to base their assumptions. Some, perceiving peace as the absence of war, have considered states as the main agents of peace building in any society, and others have reduced the role of states in this regard by basing peace on the subconscious expansion of a particular culture. The role and responsibility of social forces, civic institutions and elites are emphasized.
This article seeks to answer the question of what is the role of states in peacebuilding and reconciliation, especially in societies with cultural diversity? And what are the characteristics of these states? The article, in terms of nature and method, is descriptive-analytical research and the data collection tool is using the library method and the analysis of the findings in the framework of the qualitative analysis method is on the agenda. It emphasizes that addressing the issue of peace is not separate from addressing social-institutional responsibility and the continuation of the political fabric of states, and that despite the unique nature of any conflict, conciliatory states have a number of characteristics. Common such as; They have appropriate institutional capacities, inclusiveness, democracy and media, party and identity diversity, and a balanced economy.
کلیدواژهها English
الف) فارسی
ب) انگلیسی
Berlin, Isaiah (1990) The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas. London, Pimlico
Boulding,, K.E (1987)Stable peace. Austin, University of Texas Press.
Galtung. Johan (1969) “Violence, Peace and Peace Research”‖, Journal of Peace Research In Divided Societies, United States Institute of Peace Press, Vol. 6, No. 3: 167-191.
Leboo, Kakenya (2014) Peace-Building in Divided Societies: A Comparative Study of Kenya and Rwanda, 1994-2010, Kenya, University of Nairobi.
Lederach, John Paul (1999) Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies, Washington, D.C, United States Institute of Peace.
Lijphart A. (2002) “The Wave of Power-Sharing Democracy”, in The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy, ed. Andrew Reynolds, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Maiese, Michelle (2003) , "“Peacebuilding”", Available at: https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/peacebuilding
Murphy, Colleen (2010) A Moral Theory of Political Reconciliation, Cambridge, Cambridge University press,
Noblit, George.W. and Hare, R. Dwight. (1988) “Meta-ethnography: Synthesizing Qualitative Studies”, in Series: Qualitative Research Methods, Vol. 11, USA, Sage Publications.
Oberschall, Anthony (2007) Conflict and peace building in divided societies: Responses to ethnic violence, London & New York, Routledge.
Rama.Mani (2002) Beyond Retribution: Seeking Justice in the Shadows of War, Cambridge, Polity Press
Rupesinghe , Kumar(1994) " “Forms of Violence And Its Transformation”" , In: Kumar Rupesinghe and Marcial Rubio (eds) ,The Culture of Violence, Hong Kong, The United Nation University, pp. 14 - 17.
Russell, Bertrand (1918) Mysticism and Logic, New York City, Dover Publications
Sarkin, Jeremy Julian (2001). “ Democratizacao Justice No Periodo DeTransicao Em Angola”, in Conferencia Internacional Angola - Direito, Democracia, Paz E Desenvolvimento:203-236
Smith, Rupert (2008) The Utility of Force: The Art of War in the Modern World, USA, Vintage Books.
Spence, Rebecca (2001) “Post-Conflict Peacebuilding: Who Determines the Peace? ” in Bronwyn Evans-Kent & Roland Bleiker (eds) Rethinking Humanitarianism Conference Proceedings, September, St Lucia, University of Queensland.
UNDP (2020) “Governance for Peace: Strengthening Inclusive, Just and Peaceful Societies Resilient to Future Crises”, Thematic Paper for the UN Secretary General’s 2020 Report on Sustaining Peace and Peacebuilding, Available at: https://www.un.org/peacebuilding/sites/www.un.org.peacebuilding/files/undp.pdf
“United Nations Peacekeeping Operations”. (2008). Available at: www.un.org/Depts/dpko/glossary/p.htm.
Whittaker, David J. (1999) Conflict and Reconciliation in the Contemporary World, London & New York, Routledge.
