نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دکتری علوم‌سیاسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
هدف از این پژوهش بررسی چالش‌های نهادینه‌تر شدن اعمال قدرت دولت در سیاست‌های فرهنگی حوزه خانواده در جمهوری اسلامی ایران و نقش نهادهای فرهنگی و عملکرد آن‌ها در این حوزه است. مسئله اصلی این است که چرا باوجود اهمیت نهاد خانواده در باورهای مذهبی و سنت‌های ایرانی و همچنین سیاستگذاری فرهنگی دولت در این خصوص با افزایش چالش‌های این حوزه و تضعیف این نهاد در جامعه ایران طی دهه‌های اخیر مواجه هستیم. در این پژوهش تلاش شده است تا با استفاده از روش همبستگی و رویکرد نهادگرایی به مفهوم توسعه سیاسی و با توجه به همبستگی دو متغیر «نهادهای موازی فرهنگی» و «سیاست‌های فرهنگی» حوزه خانواده در جمهوری اسلامی ایران، میزان موفقیت اعمال قدرت دولت و تأثیر آن بر توسعه سیاسی در این نظام بررسی شود. یافته‌های این پژوهش به ما نشان می‌دهد که نهادهای موازی در حوزه فرهنگ نه‌تنها در تحقق سیاست‌های فرهنگی در حوزه خانواده با موفقیت عمل‌نکرده‌اند، بلکه شاخص‌های این حوزه نشان از افزایش چالش‌هایی نظیر افول قداست نهاد خانواده، تسهیل طلاق و کاهش تمایل به ازدواج، رواج الگوهای جدید همسرگزینی، کاهش عمومیت ازدواج، افزایش سن ازدواج، افزایش روابط جنسی خارج از ازدواج و کاهش تمایل به فرزند آوری طی سه دهه اخیر دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Challenges of More Institutionalization of State Power in Family Cultural Policies in Iran
نویسنده [English]
- Nasir Ebadpour
PhD, Department of Political Science, Allameh Tabataba’I University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
The victory of the revolution led to the emergence and redefinition of religious values and concepts, and the intensity of its impact on the cultural aspects and the value developments of the concept of policy-making was more and more influenced by the value and ideological aspects. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, due to the nature of the Islamic revolution, which is mainly cultural, cultural policies have been formed within the framework of Islamic laws, Shari'a and the constitution. Cultural policymaking is a manifestation of the government's political power, which, if institutionalized, can be considered an important indicator in political development.
Since the beginning of history, the family has been the main social institution, the foundation of societies and the origin of cultures, civilizations and the history of human. The family has a high position in the system of the Islamic Republic and the official policies of the country. The Islamic Republic of Iran looks at the family as a means of honoring and respecting the human position. Paying attention to the many functions of the family has caused the family to be recognized as one of the most basic social pillars, and this issue has also caused the constitution to pay attention to this important issue in its tenth principle and stipulates: "Since the single family It is the foundation of Islamic society, all related laws and regulations and planning should be aimed at facilitating the formation of a family, protecting its sanctity and establishing family relationships based on Islamic law and ethics.
The main question of the current research is as below:
what effect did parallel institutions in the field of culture have on the realization of cultural policies in the field of family in the Islamic Republic of Iran? The hypothesis of this research is based on the fact which parallel work of cultural institutions in the field of family has led to the ineffectiveness of the actions of these institutions and caused the cultural policies of the Islamic Republic to be not very successful in this field and the problems related to the issue of the family in the last three decades are currently is an increase.
The method of collecting the necessary data to conduct such a research has been the "documentary method", in the framework of which a collection of experiences related to the forty-year "controversies" over the "process of exercising power" in the Islamic Republic of Iran, focusing on the cultural policies of the family area, is recognized and collected. has been These experiences are presented directly or indirectly in the form of a series of books, articles, reports, notes and interviews. This research was conducted in the "interpretative" paradigm and in the "qualitative method". The method of data analysis in this research is done using correlation. This type of research seeks to know the existence of a relationship between variables. It is not necessarily a cause and effect relationship. In this research, the positive and negative correlation between the two variables of cultural institutions and the exercise of power in the political development of the Islamic Republic of Iran is studied.
This article does not have a theoretical framework and instead a conceptual framework has been used. This research has tried to use the method of solidarity and institutionalism approach to the concept of political development and with regard to the correlation between parallel cultural institutions and the cultural policies of the family in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the degree of success in exercising government power and its impact on political development in this system. Review. In this article, the theoretical model of "Papitz" "Political Power Exercise Index" has been specifically considered in explaining the challenges of more institutionalization of power and political development in Iran, which is a proposal to understand and make the whole meaningful in the transformation of the exercise of institutionalized political power, formalization. Or, as Papitz says, it is the formalization of the exercise of power.
Public policymaking is the manifestation of the will of the government in the field of action. Policy-making in the field of culture is considered one of the most important areas of exercising political power and an indicator of political development. And considering that culture is one of the main components of sustainable development; Policy-making, in which the ability to implement these policies in order to achieve the defined goals, plays an important role in the success of public policies of governments. Culture is one of the most important areas of policymaking, because culture is one of the main components of sustainable development. The studies conducted on the success rate of cultural policies announced in the field of the family during the last two decades clearly show that the implementation of these policies is facing serious challenges and The result of the evaluation of process of family evolution is far from the desired path in these policies. Examining the indicators extracted from the aforementioned policies and evaluating them in Iranian society can draw a better perspective of the degree of realization of the goals of this cultural policy.
The conflict between the roles of different cultural institutions in the government and outside it is one of the most important disputes that have been discussed since the first days of the victory of the Islamic Revolution until today. The performance of institutions outside the executive branch has led to the weakness and fragmentation of the country's executive branch due to the overlap of their duties with other institutions of the country, and sometimes it has been accompanied by direct and indirect protests from political and executive authorities. The connection of these institutions with the ideals of the Islamic Revolution has sometimes led them to functions outside of the legal and executive procedures of the country and has become the basis for the dissatisfaction of the executive bodies with the performance of these institutions. At the same time, the executive power of some of these institutions is sometimes wider than the power of the government and outside the supervision of the monitoring devices and elected institutions such as the Islamic Council, which is in conflict with the democratic exercise of political power as an important indicator of political development.
In addition to role conflicts, the emergence of "parallel roles" among cultural institutions is one of the main executive problems of the country. The functioning of parallel institutions, the multiplicity of cultural institutions and the overlapping of their duties have often led to conflicts and differences between these institutions, and this has increased the cost of running the country and reduced the accountability of various institutions regarding their functioning, which can be summarized in a final summary. He acknowledged that the result of such a process, in the terms of conceptual framework as well as analytical models of the current article, is considered to reduce and weakness of political development. Many cultural institutions have been established in the country during the years after the revolution, and in some cases parallel work can be seen in the duties of these institutions. This parallelism is due to the lack of attention to the country's general policies and vision, the imprecise explanation of the duties of cultural institutions, the frequent replacement of officials, and the creation of institutions based on fleeting needs.
Examining the state of implementation of cultural policies in the field of the family, which has been considered in this research as a special indicator for measuring the success rate of cultural institutions in the Islamic Republic, shows well that according to the cultural state of the country during the last three decades in the field of family such as the decline of the sanctity of the family institution, facilitating divorce and reducing the desire for marriage, the spread of new patterns of choosing a spouse, reducing the generality of marriage and increasing the age of marriage, increasing sexual relations outside of marriage and reducing the desire to have children and making family; It has shown the low efficiency of cultural institutions in this area.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Political development
- Exercise of power
- Cultural politics
- Cultural institutions
- Family
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