نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بازرگانی دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت دولتی دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

چکیده

در حال حاضر بیماری کووید-19 به یک معضل بزرگ و بحران‌زا در اکثر کشورها تبدیل شده است و مسئولان دولتی را با چالش‌های زیادی مواجه کرده است. هدف از این پژوهش تأثیر بیماری کووید-19 بر اعتماد سیاسی با توجه به نقش میانجی سرمایه اجتماعی و نقش تعدیل‌گر رسانه‌های اجتماعی می‌باشد. این مطالعه از لحاظ هدف از نوع توصیفی و با روش پیمایشی انجام شده است. نمونه ‌آماری در این مطالعه 300 نفر از  افراد جامعه شهری شیراز است که با روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌بندی تصادفی، انتخاب گردیده‌اند و جهت گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه 30 گویه‌ای با طیف 5 گزینه‌ای لیکرت استفاده شد. به منظور تحلیل داده‌ها، روش حداقل مربعات جزئی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان‌دهنده‌ این است که ابزار اندازه‌گیری از روایی مناسبی برخوردار هستند و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ آن برای تمام سازه‌های پژوهش بیشتر از 7/0 می‌باشد. ‌یافته‌ها نشان داد که بیماری کووید-19 بر اعتماد سیاسی و سرمایه‌ اجتماعی جامعه شهری شیراز تأثیر منفی و معناداری دارد. با این وجود سرمایه‌ اجتماعی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر اعتماد سیاسی جامعه شهری شیراز دارد. همچنین نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که سرمایه‌ اجتماعی در رابطه بین بیماری کووید-19 و اعتماد سیاسی نقش میانجی‌گری ایفا می‌کند و رسانه‌های اجتماعی نیز می‌توانند رابطه بین بیماری کووید-19 و اعتماد سیاسی را تعدیل نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the Effect of Covid-19 Disease on Political Confidence with Respect to the Mediation Role of Social Capital and the Moderating Effect of Social Media

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Damghanian 1
  • mohammad keshavarz 2

1 Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

2 PhD Student, Department of Public Administration, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Covid-19 disease is now a major and critical problem in most countries and has created many challenges for government officials. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Covid-19 disease on political confidence with regard to the mediating role of social capital and the moderating role of social media. This study was applied in a descriptive and surveyed manner. The statistical sample in this study is 300 people from Shiraz urban community who were selected by random sampling method and a 30-item questionnaire with a range of 5 options was used to collect data. In order to analyze the data, the partial least squares method was used. The findings indicate that measurement tools have good validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all research structures is more than 0.7. The findings show that Covid-19 disease has a negative and significant effect on political confidence and social capital of Shiraz urban society. However, social capital has a positive and significant effect on the political confidence of the urban community of Shiraz. The results also show that social capital plays a mediating role in the relationship between Covid-19 disease and political confidence and that social media can moderate the relationship between Covid-19 disease and political confidence.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Covid-19 Disease
  • Political Confidence
  • Social Capital
  • Social Media
  • Shiraz Urban Community
الف) فارسی
-         آذر، عادل و غلامزاده، رسول، (1395)، مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری کمترین مربعات جزئی (PLS-SEM تهران: انتشارات نگاه دانش.
-         خانباشی، محمد، (1390)، «تأثیر عوامل اقتصادی بر سطح اعتماد»، فصلنامه راهبرد، دوره 20 ، شماره 61.
-         دانایی­فرد، حسن؛ الوانی، سید مهدی؛ آذر، عادل، (1383)، پژوهش کیفی در مدیریت: رویکردی جامع، تهران: انتشارات نشر صفار.
-         سمیعی اصفهانی، علیرضا، (1386)، «بررسی مقایسه­ای بحران دموکراسی و تأثیر آن بر رفتار سیاسی شهروندان در دموکراسی­های سه گانه اروپا، آمریکای شمالی و ژاپن»، پژوهش حقوق عمومی، دوره  9، شماره 23.
-         سمیعی اصفهانی، علیرضا و نیری، هومن، (1394)، «بحران اقتصاد جهانی و تأثیر آن بر اعتماد سیاسی شهروندان به کشورهای اتحادیه­ی اروپا»، فصلنامه­ مطالعات راهبردی جهانی­شدن، دوره 6 ، شماره 16.
-         شبیری، سیدمحمد، (1396)، «نقش شبکه­های اجتماعی بر ­فرهنگ­سازی ارزش­ها و باورهای محیط­زیستی معلمان: مطالعه موردی تلگرام»، فصلنامه آموزش محیط­زیست و توسعه پایدار، سال 6، شماره 2.
 
ب) انگلیسی
-         Adolph, C., Amano, K., Bang-Jensen, B., Fullman, N., & Wilkerson, J. , (2020). ), Pandemic politicsPolitics: Timing Sstate-level social Social distancing Distancing responses Responses to COVID-19. , medRxiv.
-         Alexander, D. E. , (2014). ), “Social media Media in disaster Disaster risk Risk reduction Reduction and crisis Crisis managementManagement”. , Science and engineering Engineering ethicsEthics, Vol. 20(, No. 3), 717-733.
-         Ardura, M. I., Hartley & et al, , D. M., Dandoy, C., Lehmann, L., Jaglowski, S., & Auletta, J. J. (2020). ), Addressing the impact Impact of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic Pandemic on hematopoietic Hematopoietic cell Cell transplantationTransplantation: Learning networks Networks as means Means for sharing Sharing best Best practicesPractices. , Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 26(7): 147-160..
-         Bäck, M., & Kestilä, E. , (2009). ), “Social capital Capital and political Political trust Trust in Finland: an individualIndividual‐level assessmentAssessment. ”, Scandinavian Political Studies, Vol. 32(, No. 2), 171-194..
-         Balog-Way, D. H., & McComas, K. A. , (2020). ), “COVID-19: Reflections on trustTrust, tradeoffsTradeoffs, and preparednessPreparedness”. , Journal of Risk Research, Vol. 1-, No. 11.
-         Baltatescu, S. (2005). Confidence in Government and Happiness in EU and US. In International Joint Workshop: Europe and North America-Societies in Contrast. Hanse Institute for Advanced Study Delmenhorst, Germany.
-         Barrios, J. M., & Hochberg, Y. , (2020). ), Risk perception Perception through Through the lens Lens of politics Politics in the time Time of the covidCovid-19 pandemic Pandemic (No. w27008). ), National Bureau of Economic Research.
-         Cadima, R. Ojeda, J. & Monguet, J.M. , (2012). ), “Social Networks and Performance in Distributed Learning Communities”, Educational Technology & Society, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp.296-304..
-         Chatzopoulou, S. , (2020). ), Social trust Trust and government Government responses Responses to Covid-19. , Social Europe. https://www.socialeurope.eu/social-trust-and-government-responses-to-covid-19. Visit at 2020/12/13.
-         Chu, S. C., & Kim, Y. , (2011). ), “Determinants of consumer Consumer engagement Engagement in electronic Electronic wordWord-of-mouth Mouth (eWOM) in social Social networking Networking sitesSites”. , International journal Journal of Advertising, Vol. 30(, No. 1), 47-75.
-         Cissel, H. O. , (2018). ), Developing a social Social media Media behavior Behaviour scaleScale.Cissel, Heather O., "Developing a social media behavior scale" (2018). UNF Graduate Teses and Dissertations. 909. htps://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/909. Visit at 2020/12/15.
-         Cray, E. , (2012). ), “The social Social ROI: successful Successful social Social media Media measurement Measurement from an agency Agency standpointStandpoint. ”, Strategic Communications, Vol. 3(, No. 1), 43-52.
-         Dyer, O. , (2020). ), “Covid-19: China’s president President Xi visits Visits Wuhan amid Amid confidence Confidence that virus Virus is under controlControl.Dyer O.(2020) Covid-19: China's president Xi visits Wuhan amid confidence that virus is under control. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.). 368:m995. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m995.
-         Freitag, M., & Ackermann, M. , (2016). ), “The impact Impact of associational Associational life Life on trust Trust in local Local institutionsInstitutions: a A comparison Comparison of 57 Swiss municipalitiesMunicipalities. ”, Local Government Studies, Vol. 42(, No. 4), 616-636.
-         Gan, Y., Chen, Y., Wang, C., Latkin, C., & Hall, B. J.& et al, (2020). ), “The fight Fight against COVID-19 and the restoration Restoration of trust Trust in Chinese medical Medical professionalsProfessionals. ”, Asian Journal of Psychiatry, No. 51, 102072.
-         Garcia-Gomez, A. , (2017). ), “Teen girls Girls and sexual Sexual agencyAgency: exploring Exploring the intrapersonal Intrapersonal and intergroup Intergroup dimensions Dimensions of sextingSexting”. , Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 39(, No. 3), 391-407.
-         Gentzkow, M., Wong, M. B., & Zhang, A. T. (2018). Ideological bias and trust in information sources. Unpublished manuscript.
-         Granberry, P. J. , (2014). ), “More Ssocial than capitalCapital: Social capital Capital accumulation Accumulation through Through social Social network Network exchange Exchange among legal Legal and unauthorized Unauthorized Mexican migrantsMigrants”. , The Social Science Journal, Vol. 51(, No. 4), 590-597.
-         Grossman, G., Kim, S., Rexer, J., & Thirumurthy, H. , (2020). ), Political partisanship Partisanship influences Influences behavioral Behavioral responses Responses to governors’ Governors’ recommendations Recommendations for COVID-19 prevention Prevention in the United States. , Available at SSRN 3578695.
-         Han, Qingmei & Lin, Qingqing & Jin, Shenhe & You, Liangshun. (2020). Recent insights into 2019-nCoV: a brief but comprehensive review. Journal of Infection. 80(10).1016/j.jinf.2020.02.010.
-         Harpham, T., Grant, E., & Thomas, E. , (2002). ), “Measuring social Social capital Capital within health Health surveysSurveys: key Key issuesIssues”. , Health policy Policy and planningPlanning, Vol. 17(, No. 1), 106-111.
-         Hsu, C. H., Lin, H. H., Wang, C. C., & Jhang, S. , (2020). ), “How to defend Defend COVID-19 in Taiwan? Talk about people’s People’s disease Disease awarenessAwareness, attitudesAttitudes, behaviors Behaviours and the impact Impact of physical Physical and mental Mental healthHealth”. , International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 17(, No. 13), 4694.
-         Huang, J. Z., Han, M. F., Luo, T. D., Ren, A. K., & Zhou, X. P. , (2020). ), Mental health Health survey Survey of 230 medical Medical staff Staff in a tertiary Tertiary infectious Infectious disease Disease hospital Hospital for COVID-19. , Zhonghua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi= Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi= Chinese journal Journal of industrial Industrial hygiene Hygiene and occupational Occupational diseasesDiseases, 38, E001-E001.
-         Jeffrey, A. , (2013, March)., Social media Media measurementMeasurement: a A stepStep-by-step approach Approach using Using the amec Ames valid Valid metrics Metrics frameworkFramework. , In 16TH International NTERNATIONAL Public UBLIC Relations ELATIONS Research ESEARCH Conference ONFERENCE (p. 360).
-         Kahn, N. (2020). New virus discovered by Chinese scientists investigating pneumonia outbreak. Wall Street Journal, Vol. 19, No. 2.
-         Kaur, A., & Chahal, D. H. , (2018). ), “Role of social Social media Media in increasing Increasing environmental Environmental issue Issue awarenessAwareness”. , Researchers World, Vol. 9(, No. 1), 19.
-         Keele, L. , (2007). ), “Social capital Capital and the dynamics Dynamics of trust Trust in governmentGovernment”. , American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 51(, No. 2), 241-254.
-         Langton, K. P. , (1984), ‘“Persistence and Change in Political Confidence over the Life-Span: Embedding Life Cycle Socialization in Context’Context”, British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 14(, No. 4): 461–481.
-         Leana, C. R., & Pil, F. K. , (2006). ), “Social capital Capital and organizational Organizational performancePerformance: Evidence from urban Urban public Public schoolsSchools”. , Organization Science, Vol. 17, No. (3), 353-366.
-         Limaye, R. J., Sauer, M., Ali, J., Bernstein, J., Wahl, B., Barnhill, A., & Labrique, A.et al, (2020). ), “Building trust Trust while influencing Influencing online Online COVID-19 content Content in the social Social media Media worldWorld”. , The Lancet Digital Health, Vol. 2(, No. 6), 277-278.
-         Ljunge, M. , (2014). ), “Social capital Capital and Ppolitical institutionsInstitutions: Evidence that democracy Democracy fosters Fosters trustTrust”. , Economics Letters, Vol. 122(, No. 1), 44-49.
-         Llewellyn, S. , (2020). ), “Covid-19: how How to be careful Careful with trust Trust and expertise Expertise on social Social mediaMedia”. , BMJ, 368:m1160. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1160368.
-         López, V., Vázquez, T., Alonso-Titos, J., Cabello, M., Alonso, A., Beneyto, I. & Gutiérrez, E.et al, (2020). ), “Recommendations on management Management of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus Coronavirus pandemic Pandemic (Covid-19) in kidney Kidney transplant Transplant patientsPatients”. , Nefrología (English Edition), Vol. 40. Issue. 3. Pages 213-370..
-         Lu, P. , (2014). ), “A comparative Comparative analysis Analysis of political Political confidence Confidence in the BRICS countriesCountries”. , Japanese Journal of Political Science, Vol. 15(, No. 3), 417-441.
-         Matabane, P. W., & Merritt, B. D. , (2014). ), “Media useUse, genderGender, and African American college College attendanceAttendance: The Cosby effectEffect. ”, Howard Journal of Communications, Vol. 25(, No. 4), 452-471..
-         Mullainathan, S. and A. Shleifer, (2005). ), “The Market for News. ”, American Economic Review, Vol. 95(, No. 4), 1031-1053.
-         Murayama, H., Nofuji, Y., Matsuo, E., Nishi, M., Taniguchi, Y., Fujiwara, Y., & Shinkai, S.et al, (2015). ), “Are neighborhood Neighbourhood bonding Bonding and bridging Bridging social Social capital Capital protective Protective against depressive Depressive mood Mood in old Old ageAge? A multilevel Multilevel analysis Analysis in Japan”. , Social Science & Medicine, No. 124, 171-179.
-         Newton K, Norris P, (2000), Confidence in public Public institutionsInstitutions: Faith, culture Culture or performancePerformance? In: Pharr S, Putnam R (eds) Disaffected Democracies: What’s Troubling the Trilateral Countries? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 52–74.
-         Newton, K., Stolle, D., & Zmerli, S. (2018). Social and political trust. The Oxford handbook of social and political trust, 37, 961-976.
-         O’Connor, K. M., & Gladstone, E. (2018). Beauty and social capital: Being attractive shapes social networks. Social Networks, 52, 42-47.
-         Porta, M. , (2014). ), A Ddictionary of epidemiologyEpidemiology. , Oxford University Press.
-         Ramezanpour, S., Amiriyan S. & Shirazy, A.N.M. , (2014). ), “Investigation of the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition and Entrepreneurial Capitals”, International Journal of Asian Social Science, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp.598-613.
-         Salomon, I., & Brown, C. S. , (2019). ), “The selfie Selfie generationGeneration: examining Examining the relationship Relationship between social Social media Media use Use and early Early adolescent Adolescent body Body imageImage”. , The Journal of Early Adolescence, Vol. 39(, No. 4), 539-560.
-         Schneider, I. , (2017). ), “Can we We trust Trust measures Measures of political Political trustTrust? Assessing measurement Measurement equivalence Equivalence in diverse Diverse regime Regime typesTypes”. , Social indicators Indicators researchResearch, Vol. 133(, No. 3), 963-984.
-         Shereen, M. A., Khan, S., Kazmi, A., Bashir, N., & Siddique, R. (2020). COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. Journal of Advanced Research, 24:91-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005. PMID: 32257431; PMCID: PMC7113610.
-         Skoric, M. M., Zhu, Q., Goh, D., & Pang, N. , (2016). ), “Social media Media and citizen Citizen engagementEngagement: A metaMeta-analytic reviewReview. ”, New Media & Society, Vol. 18(, No. 9), 1817-1839.
-         Smedlund, (2008). ), “The knowledge Knowledge system System of a firmFirm: social Social capital Capital for explicitExplicit, tacit Tacit and potential Potential knowledgeKnowledge; ”, journal Journal of knowledge Knowledge managementManagement, vol Vol. 12, no No. 1, pp. 63-77.
-         Tamer, İ., Dereli, B., & Sağlam, M. (2014). Unorthodox forms of capital in organizations: positive psychological capital, intellectual capital and social capital. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 963-972.
-         Tavakoli, A., Vahdat, K., & Keshavarz, M. , (2020). ), “Novel coronavirus Coronavirus disease Disease 2019 (COVID-19): an An emerging Emerging infectious Infectious disease Disease in the 21st centuryCentury”. , ISMJ, Vol. 22(, Vol. 6), 432-450..
-         Torrente, D., Caïs, J., & Bolancé, C. (2019). Economic crisis and social trust: Reviewing the effects of economic polarisation on social and institutional confidence. Social Science Information, 58(4), 631-659.
-         Villalonga-Olives, E., & Kawachi, I. , (2015). ), “The measurement Measurement of social Social capitalCapital. ”, Gaceta sanitariaSanitaria, Vol. 29(, No. 1), 62-64.
-         Wardman, J. K., & Mythen, G. (2016). Risk communication: against the Gods or against all odds? Problems and prospects of accounting for Black Swans. Journal of Risk Research, 19(10), 1220-1230.
-         Wong, C. M. L., & Jensen, O. , (2020). ), “The paradox Paradox of trustTrust: perceived Perceived risk Risk and public Public compliance Compliance during during the COVID-19 pandemic Pandemic in Singapore. , Journal of Risk Research, Volume 23, Issue 7-8.
-         Yates, D., & Paquette, S. , (2011). ), “Emergency knowledge Knowledge management Management and social Social media Media technologiesTechnologies: A case Case study Study of the 2010 Haitian earthquakeEarthquake”. , International journal Journal of information Information managementManagement, Vol. 31, (No. 1), 6-13.
-         Zhang, N. , (2012). ), Individual BehaviorsBehaviours in the Social Media (Doctoral dissertation, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology).
-         Zhang, N., & Skoric, M. M. , (2018). ), “Media use and environmental Environmental engagementEngagement: Examining differential Differential gains Gains from news News media Media and social Social mediaMedia. ”, International Journal of Communication, Vol. 12, No. 24.
-         Zuniga, H. G., Barnidge, M., & Scherman, A. , (2017). ), “Social media Media social Social capitalCapital, offline Offline social Social capitalCapital, and citizenshipCitizenship: Exploring asymmetrical Asymmetrical social Social capital Capital effectsEffects”. , Political Communication, Vol. 34(, No.1), 44-68.