نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دکترای سیاستگذاری عمومی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

ویژگی سیاست عمومی در هیبت کلاسیک، اراده معطوف به قدرت از سوی حکومتی بود که به طور اقتدارآمیز و متمرکز، سیاست‌هایش را تدوین و در جامعه تحت امر خود اجرا می‌کرد. با افزایش مشکلات و چالش‌های نوظهور که به گونه‌ای پیچیده و ریزوم‌وار بر بروز مشکلات دیگر تاثیر می‌گذارند، پیچیدگی اقدامات دولت و نتایج منبعث از آن، دوچندان شد که دولت‌ها وادار به تغییراتی در ماهیت سیاستگذاری‌ عمومی خود گردیدند. این تغییر پارادایمی که در راستای افزایش قابلیت‌ و ارتقای عمل دولت در طراحی و اجرای سیاست‌ها است، متضمن رویکردی غیرمتمرکز و شبکه‌ای به جای تمرکزگرایی و حکومت‌محوری می‌باشد؛ رویکردی که جهت حل مسائل عمومی، به جای «نهاد» و «برنامه»‌، بر مجموعه وسیعی از «ابزارها»ی سیاستی یا فناوری‌های اقدام عمومی، متمرکز است. تجارب اخیر نیز، بیشتر متمایل به موضوع «سبدهای سیاستی» یا آرایش و تنظیم ابزارها در «آمیخته‌های سیاستی» هستند که محتوای جعبه ‌ابزاری را شکل می‌دهند که حکومت‌ها می‌توانند از آن، دست به انتخاب و ساخت سیاست‌های عمومی بزنند. این مقاله با اتخاذ رویکردی معرفت‌شناسانه، روایت‌گر ابعاد این تغییر پاردایمی در جهت شناسایی روش‌های جدید سیاستگذاری عمومی است؛ تلاشی برای فهم و استنباط منطق متاخر دانش سیاستگذاری عمومی مبتنی بر بازآفرینی نقش دولت که ظهور اشکال جدیدی از حکمرانی شبکه‌ای، چندسطحی و چندذینفعی را درپی داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Late Public Policy- Making: The Transition from Government-Centralism to Governance

نویسندگان [English]

  • Valiallah Vahdaninia
  • Masood Darodi

PhD of Public Policy, Department of Public Policy, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The characteristic of classical public policy was the will to power by a government that authoritatively and centrally formulated its policies and implemented them in the society under its control. With the increase of emerging problems and challenges that are affecting other problems in a complicated and rhizome- like way, the complexity of the government's actions and their consequences has doubled as governments are forced to make changes in the nature of their public policy. This paradigm shift aimed at enhancing the capability and promoting government action in policy design and implementation implies a decentralized and network approach rather than a centralized and government-based one, an approach that focuses on a broad set of policy tools or technologies for public action, rather than the "institution" and "program", to solve public issues. More recent experiences are more inclined to the topic of 'policy baskets' or the arrangement of tools in 'policy blends' that form the content of a toolbox from which governments can choose and construct public policies. The present article, by adopting an epistemological approach, narrates the dimensions of this paradigm shift in identifying new public policy approaches; an attempt to understand the late logic of public policy knowledge based on the recreation of the role of government that has led to the emergence of new forms of network, multilevel and multipurpose governance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Public policy making
  • Governance paradigm
  • Policy tools
  • Policy blends

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