نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
چکیده
بعد از انقلاب اسلامی دولت سعی کرد با تدوین و اجرای سیاست های توزیعی و بازتوزیعی از طریق نهادهای دولتی و حکومتی از میزان شکاف طبقاتی و نابرابری بکاهد. این تحقیق به دنبال پاسخ به این پرسش است چه رابطه‌ای میان عدالت ادراک‌شده دانشجویان از نتایج سیاست های توزیعی و بازتوزیعی و مشارکت سیاسی آن ها وجود دارد. از این رو سعی شد تا حجم نمونه از جامعه آماری دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشگاه های تهران، علامه طباطبایی و تربیت مدرس انتخاب شود. در این تحقیق از روش پیمایشی و ابزار پرسش نامه جهت جمع آوری و نرم افزار spss برای تحلیل داده ها بهره گرفته شده است. فرضیه تحقیق بر این مدعا استوار است که احساس بی‌عدالتی دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشگاه های تهران، علامه طباطبایی و تربیت مدرس از نتایج سیاست‌های توزیعی و بازتوزیعی موجب انفعال و بی‌تفاوتی سیاسی و کاهش تمایل آن‌ها برای مشارکت سیاسی در سطوح مختلف شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد که ادراک افراد از وضعیت توزیع و بازتوزیع ناعادلانه است و سیاست های توزیعی و بازتوزیعی را ناکارآمد تلقی می کنند و از این رو بخش زیادی از دانشجویان در بعد رفتاری که شامل شرکت در انتخابات، حمایت از جناح سیاسی، راهپیمایی، اعتراض و ... می شود دچار بی تفاوتی سیاسی شده اند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Perception of justice and political participation (Graduate students' perception of the distribution and redistribution policies of the 13th government and its impact on political participation)
نویسنده [English]
- javad alaei avargani
Department of Political Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University
چکیده [English]
1. Introduction
There has been a significant relationship between the perception of justice and participation in elections and participation in government political gatherings, and with the change in the state of perception, the state of participation in elections and gatherings will also change. However, empirical data could not confirm the relationship between students' sense of injustice and their participation in protests and movements, which can be partly caused by conservatism and partly caused by indifference in behavior. Therefore, it should be said that the research hypothesis is confirmed on the one hand and rejected on the other hand. The point mentioned in the introduction should be reiterated, the type of reaction, especially the act of protest against injustice, depends on the social and political conditions prevailing in that society.
Research Question(s)
What is the understanding and perception of the graduate students of Tehran universities about the results of redistributive policies and what is the relationship between their perception of the results of these policies and their political participation?
2. Methodology
The present study is a survey in terms of controlling the research conditions. In terms of purpose, it is an applied study. In this research, Cochran's formula is used to determine the sample, and the maximum allowable error (d) equal to 0.05, confidence coefficient 0.95 is used.
Research tools
In this research, a questionnaire is used as a data collection tool, which includes two questionnaires of perceived justice and political indifference.
research method
In this research, a closed questionnaire and a Likert scale are used. The current research is a correlational study and its design is post-event based on the data collection method.
3. Results
There has been a significant relationship between the perception of justice and participation in elections and participation in government political gatherings, and with the change in the state of perception, the state of participation in elections and gatherings will also change. However, empirical data could not confirm the relationship between students' sense of injustice and their participation in protests and movements, which can be partly caused by conservatism and partly caused by indifference in behavior. Therefore, it should be said that the research hypothesis is confirmed on the one hand and rejected on the other hand.
The results confirm the hypothesis that there is a relationship between dimensions of perceived justice and participation in elections. Among the mentioned variables, there is a strong positive correlation between the two variables of institutions' efficiency and the comparative dimension. Therefore, as much as the perception of justice increases, the participation rate in the elections also increases. The results show that in the field of participation, on average, 38.5 percent do not want to participate in the presidential election, while 35 percent want to participate, and about 26.5 percent have an intermediate opinion. As stated, in this case, factors such as religious-ideological ties or the issue of nationalism and the importance of democracy are among the effective factors for participation in elections. These results are consistent with the results of some researches, in the research conducted by Masoudnia and his colleagues (2013), it was found that there is a significant relationship between the variable of relative deprivation and participation in elections. Castillo's (2009) research results also show that economic inequality strongly affects political participation. It is also consistent with the research results of Gorsin (2018), Brandsma (2016) that there is a relationship between income inequality and participation and it has a negative effect on political participation and participation in elections. In Elimat's (2010) research, a significant relationship was discovered between students' income status and their participation in elections. According to Andrews, however inappropriate the distribution of income in a society is and there are many monopolies, we will see a decrease in participation. Also, Whiteley and Sid also believe that the better and more people have access to resources, the more participation will increase. The research of Carlos and Castillo (2015) confirms the relationship between the favorable state of fair distribution and political participation, therefore, the more fair the distribution, the more participation will be, and on the contrary, the more unfair the distribution, the less willing people will be to participate. Despite this, in the research conducted by Taheri and his colleagues (2016) in Ilam, a significant relationship was not established between the economic factors of participation and participation in the elections, and political factors were effective in participating in the elections. On the contrary, in the research conducted by Fafad (2015), he discovered a significant relationship between economic factors such as income status and participation in elections. Regarding participation in governmental political gatherings such as conferences and marches, the results show that about 42 percent are willing to attend, and 29.5 percent are not willing to participate, which indicates the weakening of the symbolic aspect of the system and the reduction of symbolic support for the government. or the existence of this, it can be said that one of the main reasons why people participate in these ceremonies, especially the marches, is the ideological and religious connection that connects them with the system, and if this connection is weakened by deepening inequalities, The amount of these people to participate in the political society of the government is reduced. As it has been shown, there is a relationship between all dimensions except the dimension of equality with participation in government political gatherings. Therefore, as much as the perception of the existence of justice and fair distribution in society increases, the tendency to participate in communities also increases. Therefore, with the increase in the perception of injustice in people, the amount of support actions, which depends on the type of political system, decreases in various formats, including participation in carnivals and marches. After participating in political gatherings such as marches and speeches, which mostly focus on government and sovereignty, people experienced a kind of reluctance and unwillingness, and this issue shows the growing indifference to participate in the fields that the government is in charge of and shows the growth of the gap between the government and the nation. and political indifference towards the official spheres of governance. Since one of the supporting actions of any political system is participation in gatherings and carnival, unwillingness to participate in gatherings can indicate the beginning of a crisis in terms of symbolic support and symbolic efficiency for the political system.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Political apathy
- distribution
- redistribution
- perceived justice
- political participation
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