Seyed Mohammad Tabatabaei
Abstract
Following the national revolutions which caused the creation of a new formation of state known as nation-state, we have witnessed the practical implementation of Theories of Separation of Powers. Ever since, the functional principles of organizing power in the modern state were based on the new theories ...
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Following the national revolutions which caused the creation of a new formation of state known as nation-state, we have witnessed the practical implementation of Theories of Separation of Powers. Ever since, the functional principles of organizing power in the modern state were based on the new theories about the separation of powers and their different perceptions. As a matter of fact, in order to prevent the centralization of power and to build a better organization of political affairs on the basis of Theory of Separation of Powers, the nation-states tried to the divide political power into three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial powers and separate them on the basis of their structures and functions. The present paper will attempt to identify the cause and the extent of remoteness or closeness of the ternary shapes of the combination of powers, relative or complete separation of powers of the known principles of democracy. The basic argument of the present research is based on the point that the true and complete implementation of the principle of “check and balance” among the ternary branches has caused more limitation on the power and constructive interactions; as a result, in a lenient system of the contribution of powers we witness the creation of a kind of “power equation” and “democratic balance” through the relative separation of powers.
Roxana Niknami
Abstract
In the last 30 years, the welfare state has been doubted and many believe that the welfare state is in conflict with the nature of modern and post-industrial capitalism. The financial crisis in the eurozone, which began in 2008, once again, has entered the state into European theoretical waves. And it ...
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In the last 30 years, the welfare state has been doubted and many believe that the welfare state is in conflict with the nature of modern and post-industrial capitalism. The financial crisis in the eurozone, which began in 2008, once again, has entered the state into European theoretical waves. And it led to serious reconsideration of state`s functions in the continent. With the onset of the second phase of the crisis, this idea has got power that the existence of a welfare state was the main cause of this crisis and economic downturn. In order to cover the deficit imbalance and the lack of State funding, many theories were put forward to reduce the burden on the state's social and welfare responsibilities. As a result, many European states were forced to apply profound structural reforms and adhere to austerity policies. The result of these policies was a significant reduction in wages, reduction of social services, and privatization of the public sector. The question is: how has the eurozone financial crisis affected the welfare state in the EU and what is the welfare state function in the European social model? The eurozone's financial crisis has lowered the quality of the welfare state in the European Union, due to the slowdown in economic growth, and the only way to save the welfare state is to create a growth with employment,which is achieved through increased competitiveness. To test the above hypothesis, the Danish sociologist Gustavo Sping-Andersen's model will be used.
Majid Rouhi Dehboneh
Abstract
Middle East, especially the Arab world since 2011 has been a great deal of transformation. The changes that the "Arab Spring" or "Islamic Awakening" is mentioned rather than to build new state to build the foundations of a regional order, lead by the arrival of variables and factors such as entry Takfiri- ...
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Middle East, especially the Arab world since 2011 has been a great deal of transformation. The changes that the "Arab Spring" or "Islamic Awakening" is mentioned rather than to build new state to build the foundations of a regional order, lead by the arrival of variables and factors such as entry Takfiri- Terrorist groups, dynamics ethnic Kurds, Turkey's quest game in the Middle East, Saudi efforts to change the balance of power, the Obama doctrine and global and regional challenges faced by the recent wave of crisis and instability that is unprecedented in its kind Course of events shows that the Middle East after the Islamic Awakening of the confusion among the various levels (local, regional and international) suffers. That much of this confusion is the question of the state and national state crisis. Accordingly, this article seeks to theoretical explanation of why this confusion and instability in the Middle East after the changes in 2011. In this context using the approach of "regional security complex" and application analysis levels (local, regional and international) attention has systematically tried this approach turmoil, governments, regional dynamics, patterns of friendship and enmity, conflicts and power structure in the region explain and analyze
Ebrahim Barzegar; sayyad hosseinzadeh
Abstract
policymaking in Iran is done, because of the rupture of two-stage collection and execution, often different from what was promised, Academic communities due to the inevitable specialization gave analyses and different strategies and sometimes competing with their own perspective ...
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policymaking in Iran is done, because of the rupture of two-stage collection and execution, often different from what was promised, Academic communities due to the inevitable specialization gave analyses and different strategies and sometimes competing with their own perspective to policy-markers which does not have the capacity to repair the rupture . Therefore, the researchers by using multi-pattern analysis '' combined rationality'' Snellen made it possible to criticize government comprehensive policies in the scientific community, and subsequently provide consistent feedbacks having the strategic and repairing capacity to put on theire agendum(program).. Studying the case of the "Equity Distribution Shares Plan" in the form of Snellen's combined rationality, which includes four types of rationality (economic, political, legal, and professional), researchers are trying to resolve the foregoing paths of policy. The data collection method is a non-structured interview and data analysis method is analytical -structural. The statistical population of the study consisted of twenty interviewees who have been selected judiciously. Each field of rationality has been covered by five related experts. The findings show that the plan for the distribution of equity has been operationalized for reasons such as not paying attention to the requirements of practical and economic rationality and overlooking the requirements of different political rationality than promised. The proposed strategies also include legal, political, economic, and administrative areas.
Ruhollah Safariyan; Seyed Javad Emamjomehzadeh
Abstract
Social changes in the global approach to development at the societies level has changed. Today a different social structure is required for the comprehensive development of the organization so that all social forces can be included in this structure. A good governance pattern with a different social ...
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Social changes in the global approach to development at the societies level has changed. Today a different social structure is required for the comprehensive development of the organization so that all social forces can be included in this structure. A good governance pattern with a different social and political framework is also in line with these new conditions. Accordingly, the main question of the present article is how good governance patterns affect overall development. Our hypothesis in this study is that in the model of good governance by creating social capital in its triple structure, it leads to the development of administrative, political, economic, social and cultural levels. Thus, in this approach, the state, with its distinctive nature and character and by organizing it rationally facilitates the development of partnership and participation of other social sectors, such as civil society and non-governmental public institutions, and the private sector. And the main feature of the new age and globalization is that decentralization is expected in this structure. Therefore, this research attempts to show by using descriptive-analytical method and using library and documentary sources that the model of good governance as a new approach to development studies emphasizes the state with institutional-managerial aspects and political and legal nature, and along with it, the various social forces that are co-ordinating with the perspective and the horizontal and network structure.
Jaseb Nikfar; hasan Aliyari
Abstract
Purpose: one of the political theories that were introduced to the Third world countries is O’Donnell’s Centralized Bureaucratic Authoritarianism. It explains the development in the Latin America, whose characteristics are the rule of bureaucrats, political and economic monopoly (centralization), ...
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Purpose: one of the political theories that were introduced to the Third world countries is O’Donnell’s Centralized Bureaucratic Authoritarianism. It explains the development in the Latin America, whose characteristics are the rule of bureaucrats, political and economic monopoly (centralization), depoliticization and dependent capitalism. This model of development, called the bureaucratic authoritarian politics, was introduced for the first time in Iran after the 28th Mordad coup which continued till 15th Khordad 1342. This period marks the shifting of the traditional economy of Iran to the capital economy to embrace the path of modernization and development. In fact, This essay focuses on the damages and inefficiency of the authoritarian bureaucratic government of Mohammad Reza Shah and brings out to light the reasons why his government, considering the time between 1332- 1342, failed despite possessing all the features of O’Donnell’s political theory. Design/Methodology/Approach: In this article, descriptive - analytical methods and library resources have been used for collecting data and the conclusion is inductive. Finding: This essay focuses on the damages and inefficiency of the authoritarian bureaucratic government of Shah and brings out to light the reasons why his government, considering the time between 1332- 1342, failed despite possessing all the features of O’Donnel’s political theory. Orginality/value: The value of this article comes from the fact that this politico-economic model, despite being quintessential, has degenerated in Iran owing to some pivotal factors like contradictory functions of the Pahlavi government, dependent capitalism, depoliticization, bureaucratic formalism and the upsurge in oil revenues.
