The constitutionalism movement in 1285 AH. With a coalition of clerics and intellectuals, along with the mass of people, he put an end to the traditional and authoritarian structure of Iran after centuries. for the first time; Iran's political structure underwent fundamental and fundamental changes, which resulted in the creation of western-style parliaments and cabinets. But due to Iran's specific political culture, governments and parliaments could not get along with each other and there were always many challenges between them. The political culture that had influenced all the political agents and institutions such as parties and the press, caused the governments and the National Council assemblies to not have the necessary efficiency and effectiveness. Based on this, the current research seeks to answer the main question: What role and place has political culture played in the challenge between Iranian governments and parliaments? In answer to this question, it should be said: it seems that political culture in all dimensions has played an important role in the challenges between the governments and parliaments of Iran and somehow in the successive collapse of the cabinets and the inefficiency of emerging institutions such as the parliament, parties and the press. It has been influential. The present article seeks to investigate the role of political culture in the challenge between Iranian governments and parliaments in the period from 1285 to 1304 AH with a historical-analytical approach. It will be written with a descriptive-analytical method based on archival and library sources. Findings: After the constitution, with the establishment of the governments and the formation of the National Council from 1285 to 1304 AH. The political culture played an important role and somehow influenced all aspects of the actions and behavior of the political agents of Iran at this time. The factors of political culture, which were manifested in authoritarianism, slander and cynicism, profiteering, exaggeration and superficiality of laws, were effective in the challenge and divergence between the relations between governments and parliaments. One of the most important results and consequences of the political culture was the successive collapse of the cabinets to the point where 60 cabinets were formed in 20 years and each one was in power for an average of 3 months.
Result: According to the documents and the testimony of historians, the political parties and groups that were formed under the influence of the political culture of Iran as an emerging institution in the constitutional era, lacked any kind of organization and their work was basically not similar to the party and constantly aroused suspicion and cynicism. They created among the politicians. The main activity of the parties during the elections was through fighting and not through party politics. They mostly tried their opponents in parliament and government; They tried to take down power and their cooperation with the parliament and the government was temporary and unstable. It should be noted that political parties and groups used to spend most of the time of the parliament accusing and stigmatizing each other, so the presence of parties in the political arena causes conflict and differences between the different factions or factions in the parliament and a factor. It was in the divergence of governments and assemblies. The existence of many ambiguities in the constitution and disregard for the established laws was one of the cases that the representatives and statesmen tried to have different and different interpretations of it in their own favor because of the political culture ruling the country, and this affected the process of challenge. between governments and parliaments intensified. In addition, the press, which used all the harmful factors of Iran's political culture to make the atmosphere of the country tense, had an important and influential role in the challenge between governments and parliaments. Therefore, the causes and effects of these challenges provided the ground for the rise and rise of Reza Khan at a time when the country was at the height of political, social and economic chaos. He at the right time during a four-year process from 1300 to 1304 AH. He was able to make the most of the discursive space of excesses and excesses among the existing institutions in the country, and as a result, by gaining knowledge of Iran's political culture and controlling the challenging factors between the governments and assemblies of the Qajar dynasty, he overthrew it.