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The Unsustainability of Progress and Development in Iran: An Analysis of the Nature and Causes of Unsustainability in Processes, Situation and Achievements"

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic Unsustainability has plagued progress and development in Iran. This article seeks to illuminate aspects of this problem through a historical-theoretical approach. The central research question is: "Despite decades of efforts, initiatives, and programs, why has Iran's progress and development failed to achieve desirable outcomes?" The main hypothesis posits that: "The failure of development efforts in Iran stems from a complex interplay of long-term synchronous and asynchronous factors making unsustainable factors in both domestic and international environments."
Key internal factors include:

Lack of consensus among strategic elites
Centralized management and policymaking
Weak participatory processes

Key external destabilizing factors involve:

Conflict between domestic discourse and global development paradigms
Policies of dominant international institutions (e.g., the World Bank, IMF)
Adversarial stances of regional and international organizations toward Iran's political system

Literature Review
Issues of progress and development in Iran have often been framed within discourses of underdevelopment and backwardness. Previous studies on instability have highlighted factors such as:

Divergent views on sustainable development and instability in industrialized nations
The instrumental use of development discourse to obscure social, class, and political inequalities within industrialized countries and their exploitative relations with less industrialized nations
Iran's adoption of global development models (particularly those of the World Bank and IMF), which prioritize economic aspects over social dimensions

A major shortcoming of these studies is their single-factor approach, overlooking systemic requirements for stabilizing development processes, implementing programs, and safeguarding achievements.
Theoretical Framework
The study conceptualizes Unsustainability in progress and development across three dimensions:

Process Unsustainability (affecting developmental stages)
Outcome Unsustainability (affecting achieved results)
Situation Unsustainability (affecting the overall developmental state)

These can manifest in:

Short-, medium-, or long-term durations
Semi-stable, fully Unsustainable, or fluctuating conditions

Initially, Unsustainability primarily concerns the development process. However, as outcomes emerge, Unsustainability shifts to preserving achievements, and as the environment evolves, Unsustainability in situation becomes prominent.
Unsustainability operates in both domestic and international environments. While the causes of Unsustainability vary, its domains remain consistent:

Resources (knowledge, capital, goods, services)
Research & Development (innovation, technology application)
Leadership & Management (strategic guidance from conception to sustainable development)

The critical challenge lies in the simultaneous occurrence of Unsustainability across all three dimensions (process, outcome, situation) in both domestic and international contexts. This creates a complex, compounded Unsustainability with diverse manifestations, each requiring tailored mitigation strategies.
Research Approach & Method
The study employs " Phrontic planning resarch", a methodology that aligns theoretical constructs with empirical realities. Findings indicate that due to the interaction of internal and external making unsustainable factors, Iran's development and progress suffers from chronic, cyclical unsustainability across all dimensions (process, outcome, situation).
In today's globalized context, overcoming this crisis requires:

Sustainable consensus (for at least three decades) among strategic elites on core national values and macro-strategic issues
Coordinated, long-term efforts to define and realize an advanced society in alignment with Iran's global positioning

Findings
In the current era of globalization, the stability of progress and development is shaped by the entanglement of domestic and international factors. For Iran, key determinants include:
Domestic Factors:

Structure of policymaking and implementation
Participatory mechanisms
Dynamics among strategic elites

External Factors:

Iran's regional and international standing
Alignment with global development discourses and paradigms

Each factor exerts unique pressures, and their combined interaction generates the observed instability in Iran's developmental trajectory.
Conclusion
Ensuring sustained progress and safeguarding developmental achievements amid increasing domestic and international complexities remains Iran's fundamental challenge. Addressing this requires:

Institutionalizing elite consensus on long-term strategic visions
Adaptive engagement with global systems while maintaining developmental sovereignty

This study underscores that resolving Iran's chronic development unsustainability demands a dual focus on internal governance reforms and strategic international positioning.
(Note: This translation maintains academic rigor while improving readability for an international audience. Adjustments can be made for specific journal requirements.)

Keywords

Main Subjects

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State Studies
Volume 11, Issue 41
July 2025
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