نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشیار علوم سیاسی واحد اهواز دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
چکیده
نظریه‌پردازان نوسازی معتقدند بین توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی و فرایند گذار به دموکراسی ارتباط مستقیم وجود دارد. طبق نظریه‌های نوسازی، توسعه اقتصادی و صنعتی شدن منجر به گذار به دموکراسی می‌شود. محققین نقطه عزیمت توسعه اقتصادی چین را سال 1978 می‌دانند. این کشور سال‌های متوالی دارای رشد اقتصادی بیش از 10درصد بوده است. این امر باعث شده که محققان از آن با عنوان معجزه چین نام ببرند اما این کشور طبق نظریه مدرنیزاسیون، گذار به دموکراسی را طی نکرده و به یک استثنا تبدیل شده است. هدف این مقاله بررسی اجمالی مدل توسعه سیاسی چینی و تبیین عدم گذار به دموکراسی در این کشور است. پرسش پژوهش این است که چه موانعی باعث عدم گذار به دموکراسی در چین از سال 1978تا 2021 شده است؟ فرضیه پژوهش که تلاش می‌شود با متدولوژی تحلیلی و تبیینی به اثبات برسد عبارت است از: عوامل مختلفی باعث عدم گذار دموکراسی در چین شده است اما مهمترین آنها هماهنگی و انسجام بین طبقه حاکم (حزب کمونیست چین، دولت و ارتش)، ضعف جامعه مدنی، چندپاره‌گی و وابسته بودن طبقه متوسط، بافت و ارزش‌های جامعه چینی و ترس از بهم ریختگی و بی‌ثباتی اجتماعی و سیاسی در پرجمعیت‌ترین کشور جهان نزد اکثر گروه‌ها، طبقات مختلف جامعه و بعضی از کشورهای جهان می‌باشد. مجموعه این عوامل باعث حمایت از سیستم اقتدارگرا و عدم تمایل آنها برای ورودی به فرایند گذار به دموکراسی در فاصله زمانی 1978تا2021 شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Political Development and Obstacles to Transition to Democracy in China (1978-2021)
نویسنده [English]
- Hossein Karimiafrd
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]
Modernization theorists believe that there is a direct relationship between economic and social development and the process of transition to democracy. According to modernization theories, economic development and industrialization lead to the transition to democracy. China has achieved economic development since 1978 and has had economic growth of more than 10% for consecutive years. However, according to the theory of modernization, this country has not gone through the transition to democracy and has become an exception. The aim of this article is to examine and explain the lack of transition to democracy in China according to modernization theories. The research question is: What factors have prevented China from entering the process of transition to democracy between 1978 and 2021? The hypothesis of this research trying to be proved with the analytical and explanatory methodology, is: Several factors have contributed to the lack of transition to democracy in China. But the most important of them are the coordination and cohesion between the ruling class (Chinese Communist Party, government and army), the weakness of civil society, the fragmentation and dependence of the middle class, the basis and values of Chinese society and the fear of disarray. Social and political stability in the most populous country in the world with most groups, different classes of society and some countries. The combination of these factors has led to the support of the authoritarian system and their unwillingness to enter the process of transition to democracy between 1978 and 2021.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Transition to Democracy
- Democracy
- China
- Political Development
- Middle Class
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