Hojjat Kazemi; Hadi Keshavarz
Abstract
The attempt to control and direct the population in any society by power and government through new institutions and techniques of governance is one of the modern debates that was first proposed and developed by Foucault. By targeting individuals and the population to meet its needs, power designs techniques ...
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The attempt to control and direct the population in any society by power and government through new institutions and techniques of governance is one of the modern debates that was first proposed and developed by Foucault. By targeting individuals and the population to meet its needs, power designs techniques and institutions that, while making individuals visible, increase their control and guidance in society. In this context, in a descriptive-analytical manner, this article intends to examine the relationship between population and government through the actions of Abbas Mirza, Amir Kabir, Nasser al-Din Shah, the Constitution and Reza Shah, based on new governance institutions and techniques in Iran, especially the school institution, since the late nineteenth century, and show what developments took place in Iran facing the West and the formation of a crisis of awareness in the field of government and governance with the elite, And how and why did the population become the target of new rules and techniques of governance? For responding to these questions, this study seeks to prove the changing pattern of governance in Iran on the one hand and the state's efforts to control and guide the population in new institutions on the other hand in order to strengthen the foundations of its government while increasing productivity and obedience.
Ehsan Lashgari Tafreshi
Abstract
After the coming of the Pahlavi regime, with the formation of nation-state in Iran, centralized governance apparatus was only continuation pattern in governing in the contemporary era. For understanding the reasons of continuity the centralized governance pattern in Iran, there have been raised many ...
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After the coming of the Pahlavi regime, with the formation of nation-state in Iran, centralized governance apparatus was only continuation pattern in governing in the contemporary era. For understanding the reasons of continuity the centralized governance pattern in Iran, there have been raised many debates in the field of sociology and political science. But political processes, including the feature of governance, also affect by geographical situation and any emerging phenomenon in a country, including the features governance is basically influenced by the natural and human dimensions of country. In this regard, political geography views are against theories that believe that evolution of societies pass through the same stages. In this paper, with the descriptive-analytical approach, have been struggled to explain the most important geographic indices for continuity of centralized apparatus in Iran. A new perspective has been posed on the causes of the centralized governance emergence in Iran. Findings research reveals that the slowdown of the spatial and structural distribution of power in Iran produced from geographical factors such as increasing the share of oil revenues in generating public expenditure and developing the rendering government. Also, Inappropriate dispersal of biological resources and ecological needs has been caused more need for greater role the government in improving the viability of unplanned areas.
